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DRAFTING
TOOLS
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EQUIPMENT
Drafters use drafting tools
to create their drawings. The paper used is called vellum which
is thin paper that you can see through. Vellum is tough and can
withstand erasing without leaving marks. Drafting tables adjust
in heigth and tilt at different angles but are not necessary in
drafting. Scales are used to measure or lay out drawings in larger
or smaller than full size. T-squares are used to draw straight
horizontal lines. Triangles are used on the t-squares to draw
angles. The most common are the 45 degree and the 30-60 degree
triangles. Drafting arm machines replace t-squares, scales, and
triangles and reduces drafting time. Wood-cased or mechanical
drawing pencils can be used to produce drawings. Graphite lead
ranges in hardness from 6B (very soft) to 9H (very hard). Irregular
curves are used to draw noncircular curves. Compasses are used
to draw circles. Dividers are used to mark off equal spaces and
to divide a line into equal parts. Templates speed drafting up
by allowing tracing of circles and symbols.
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ADJUSTABLE
TRIANGLE
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Combines
a protractor and a triangle with an adjustable edge to
draw vertical and angular lines from 0° to 90°.
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COMPASSES
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LARGE BOW COMPASS
Used to draw arcs and circles with a radius from 1.5"
to 3".
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SMALL BOW COMPASS
Used to draw arcs and circles with a radius between .5"
to 1.5"
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SCALE
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Used
to layout measurements at reduced or enlarged sizes.
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This triangular scale has eight (8) different scales for
measuring:
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Mechanical Scales
Full Size or 1" = 1"
Half Size or 1/2" = 1"
Quarter Size or 1/4" = 1"
(fractional inches)
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Architect's Scales
1/4" = 1'-0" or 1/48 th Size
1/8" = 1'-0" or 1/96 th Size
(feet and inches) |
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Engineer's Scale
Full Size or 50 parts = 1"
(decimal inches)
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Metric Scales
Full Size or 1 : 100
Double Size or 1:50 (2X)
(millimeters)
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REALISTIC
VIEWS OF COMBINATION SCALES
Shown
below are realistic views of the triangular combination scale
used in the Technical Drawing classes at Stevenson.
The
type of scale is in BOLD letters; example: Mechanical.
The description of scale is expressed next; example: Full Scale
or Full Size.
The scale equation is next; example: 1"=1".
The scale ratio is next; example: 1:1
The smallest unit or division is last; example: 1/16".
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DRAWING PENCILS & LEADS
Wooden
"Drawing" pencils are specially made to allow for the
drawing of lines at different thicknesses or darknesses. The "HARDNESS"
or "SOFTNESS" of the lead determines the darkness or thickness
of the line. Hard leads provide "light" or "thin"
lines. Soft leads provide "dark" or "thick"
lines. "Lead Holders" are an improvement over wooden pencils
as the different leads can be used and finer points can be obtained.
Standard leads are 2 mm in diameter. Fine line leads are available
in .3, .5, .7 and .9 mm diameters.
- 6B
- Very soft for shading and rendering of pictorial views
- B
- Soft for drawing thick "border" lines on title blocks
and drawing sheets
- HB
- Medium thick lines for freehand sketching
- F
- Medium thick lines for freehand sketching
- H
- Medium thick lines for freehand sketching or lettering or drawing
visible edges and outlines of surfaces
- 2H
- Hard thin lines for drawing hidden lines to show hidden surfaces
or interior details
- 4H
- Hard thinner lines for drawing center lines and locating centers
of circle and arcs or the axis of a cylinder
- 6H
- Hard very thin lines for drawing construction or layout lines
and guide lines for lettering
| Box of Lead |
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Available
in weights from 6B to 9H for drawing very fine (thin)
to very dark (thick) lines in standard 2 mm diameter lead
holders. Usually packaged 12 to the box.
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Lead
Holder
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Replaces
wooden drawing pencils. Need Lead Pointer to sharpen.
Refillable with 2 mm leads.
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Small
Lead Pointer
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Used
for sharpening the standard 2 mm leads.
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Fine Line Lead Holder
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Alternate to Standard
Lead Holder that does not require sharpening.
Refillable with 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 0.9 mm leads.
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White Vinyl
Drafting Eraser
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Used to remove graphite
and ink lines from bond, vellum and polyester drawing
media.
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Sandpaper
Pad
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Used for sharpening
the standard 2 mm leads on compasses to a chisel point.
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| DIVIDERS |
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Used
to transfer distances or measurements.
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| Drafting Brush |
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Used
to remove eraser dust from drawings and work surface.
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LETTERING
GUIDE
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Used
to draw uniformily spaced guide lines for freehand lettering.
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row of holes along the left edge will provide 1/8"
spaced guide lines.
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center row of holes on the circular portion will provide
1/16" spaced guide lines when the "4"
is aligned with the mark next to the word "AMES".
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numbers "10" thru "2" represent
64th of an inch.
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left and right rows of holes on the circular portion
are for drawing guide lines for titles using 3/5ths
and 2/3rds of the normal letter size.
- The
"check mark" is symbol for indicating the
"Finish" of a machined surface.
- Some
"Lettering Guides" also have metric spacing
values.
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PROTRACTOR
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Used
to layout and draw angular lines or measure angles.
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TRIANGLES
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Used
to draw vertical and angular lines at 30° and 60°.
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Used
to draw vertical and angular lines at 45°.
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IRREGULAR
CURVES (French Curves)
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Used to draw accurate curved
lines through random points with varied radii.
Available in many shapes and sizes.
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DRAFTING
TEMPLATES
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CIRCLE TEMPLATE (shown above)
Used to draw accurate standard sized circles and arcs
on multiview drawings.
ARCHITECT''S
TEMPLATE
Used to draw doors, appliances, bath & electrical
fixtures on floor plans.
FURNITURE
TEMPLATE
Used to draw chairs, couches, beds, chest of drawers,
desks, tables,
kitchen & bath cabinets on room layout drawings.
RUB-ON
TEMPLATES
Used to add textures or represent siding, roofing and
floor materials on presentation floor plans and elevation
drawings on vellum or tracing media.
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T-SQUARE
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Used
to draw horizontal lines and to hold triangles for vertical
lines.
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DRAFTING BOARD
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Used for holding a
sheet of drawing media in a fixed position and
to provide a straight edge for a T-square.
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Track Drafting
Machine
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Used to draw precise
horizontal, vertical and angular lines.
The drafting machine replaces the T-square, triangles, protractor
and scales.
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| NOW TAKE THE DRAFTING
TOOL QUIZ. |
